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Use of a C18 column with a mobile phase pH = 3.0
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The mobile phase contains ion-pairing reagent
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Injection volume is too low
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Column temperature set at 60°C
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Avatar youhana Hosny 6 m ago

Think about the pKa of basic drugs – how are they charged at low pH?

Consider the stationary phase – what happens when silanol groups are not masked?

Peak fronting/tailing + retention issues = possible secondary interactions or ionization mismatch.

Which condition increases interaction with residual silanols?

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