Questions related to HPLC methods, column selection, mobile phase optimization, troubleshooting peak issues (tailing, splitting), detectors (UV, PDA, RID), and method validation.
Discussions on GC injectors (split/splitless), columns (packed/capillary), detectors (FID, TCD, MS), carrier gases, and temperature programming.
Questions about mass analyzers (Q-TOF, Orbitrap, Quadrupole), ionization methods (ESI, MALDI, APCI), fragmentation patterns, and data interpretation.
FTIR, ATR, NIR applications, peak assignments (functional groups), and sample preparation.
1H/13C NMR interpretation, solvent selection, shimming, and quantitative NMR (qNMR).
Questions about absorbance/transmission measurements, solvent selection, cuvette types, and Beer-Lambert law applications.