You are developing an HPLC method for a basic compound. After injecting the sample, you observe poor peak shape (fronting/tailing) and variable retention time. Which of the following is the most likely cause? (check comments for hints and learn) Poll

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Use of a C18 column with a mobile phase pH = 3.0
100% 4 votes
The mobile phase contains ion-pairing reagent
0% 0 votes
Injection volume is too low
0% 0 votes
Column temperature set at 60°C
0% 0 votes
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Think about the pKa of basic drugs – how are they charged at low pH?

Consider the stationary phase – what happens when silanol groups are not masked?

Peak fronting/tailing + retention issues = possible secondary interactions or ionization mismatch.

Which condition increases interaction with residual silanols?